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I. Energy Source Selection

Common energy sources currently include screw chillers, centrifugal chillers, VRV systems, lithium bromide absorption chillers, combined chillers, ice storage, three-way power supply, municipal energy, and heat pumps. However, we prioritize energy conservation and emission reduction, low operating costs, efficiency, and flexible operation based on energy source load. Therefore, in areas with relatively stable and favorable industrial steam supply or oil prices, we can consider using steam lithium bromide absorption chillers. For relatively independent buildings such as villas or resorts, we can initially choose modular units or VRV systems. For large domestic buildings, screw chillers and centrifugal chillers are preferred. When the peak-to-valley electricity price ratio reaches 4:1, ice storage systems can be considered for intermittent air conditioning loads with large loads. Where gas prices are low and there are certain energy support policies, tertiary power supply systems can be considered.

II. Air Conditioning System Piping Design

1. When designing the air conditioning piping system, try to use the same process, closed and variable systems, and add pressure balancing valves between the inlet and outlet of the main pipeline. This design solves the problem of low base temperatures in winter and high top temperatures in summer. It also facilitates system exhaust, simplifies integration with building automation systems, and resolves temperature differences between the system's end and end points.

2. In complex operating environments, a multi-zone parallel hot and cold piping system can be used. In East China, due to system complexity and construction costs, a two-zone control method is typically used, which cannot meet the temperature fluctuations of high-star hotels during spring and autumn. For example, the restaurant, KTV, and gym require cooling, while the guest rooms and conference rooms require heating. To address this problem, all valves on the auxiliary water supply and manifold can be closed in summer and winter, allowing the main water supply and manifold to be used for cooling or heating. In spring and autumn, the main water distributor can close valves to the ballroom, gym, and restaurant lights and cold water supply. When returning the main water supply, the main water distributor can close valves. All valves on the manifold can be opened, and the hot water return valve on the hot water main can be opened. This way, the main manifold provides heat to the rooms, while the auxiliary manifolds provide cooling air to the restaurant and gym. In addition, butterfly valves can be used for the inlet and outlet valves on the units. Butterfly valves are lightweight, occupy a relatively small footprint, have clear opening and closing traces, and are easy to operate. They are suitable for installation, operation, maintenance, and safe use. In air conditioning systems, most ordinary water valves over DN50 are butterfly valves.